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Friday, May 31, 2019

My Sister Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

Have you ever wondered how something so little could affect your life so much? Well on June XX, 199X, a beautiful baby girl was born with big brown eyes crystal clear yet light in color. Gentle skin and soft brown hair, this sweet infant would soon become the most important thing in the world to me. The prospect to influence the life of my sister will probably be the most worthwhile experience I will ever encounter. Starlin is an important person in my life because, she has taught me so much, she is my best friend, and I know I can always count on her.My sister is important to me in a numerous amount of ways. She has taught me to be truthful, kind and to never loose faith. Through her Ive learned to have self-confidence in all that I do or I wont limit to half of the things I am capable of. I am very thankful that she is a part of me because I know without her I wouldnt be who I am today. She has helped mold me into the person I have become. I learn from her that making good choice s is hotshot of the most important things in life, no matter the situation. Every moment I have with ...

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Health: A Social Phenomenon Essay -- Health Care

IntroductionWith movements made by the governments and medical professionals of developed countries in the interests of giving patients more choice, the definition of wellnessy, particularly in contemporary society, has become subjective (Freemantle and Hill 2002, Armstrong 1995, Bury 2008, Van Krieken et al. 2006 379-380). Variations in interpretation appear between groups divided along socio-political, demographical lines, or change surface between individuals themselves (Freemantle and Hill 2002 864, Heath 2005 954, Blaxter 200044, Van Krieken et al. 2006). This ambiguity has underscored debates and conflicts in recent years between patients, academics, politicians, and medical practitioners on issues of medical berth, the extent of involvement in the decision making process over personal health as well as the health of others related to them through social structures and institutions (Van Krieken et al. 2006, Blaxter 2000, Bury 2008, ovalbumin 2002). This essay will attempt t o illustrate how health is a social phenomenon through the examination of power and inequality. It will focus on the social causes and effects of medicalisation and how the attitudes and positions people occupy in society influence their medical needs. This essay will also highlight some of the challenges faced by the societies around the valet de chambre in addressing medical inequality. Medical dominance and medicalisationAccording to Foucault and Illich (in Van Krieken et al. 2006 351-352), doctors and the medical profession have traditionally been empowered by their knowledge as the authority that society defers to with regards to the definition of disease and health. With improvements in medical technology as well as the advent of the hospital, an evolution... ...London SAGE.Broom, D.H. and Woodward, R.V. (1996) Medicalisation reconsidered toward a collaborative approach to care in Sociology of Health and Illness, 18, 3 357-378.Freemantle, N. and Hill, S. (2002) Medicalisati on, limits to medicine, or never enough money to go around? in British Medical Journal, 324 864-865.Foucault, M. (2003) The Birth of the Clinic, London Routledge.Heath, I. (2005), Who needs health care- the well or the sick? in British Medical Journal, 330 954-956.Moynihan, R. and Smith, R (2002) Too much medicine? in British Medical Journal, 324 859-860.Van Kreiken, R. Habbis, D. Smith, P. Hutchins, B. Haralambos, M. Holborn, M. (2006), Sociology Themes and Perspectives (3rd ed), French Forest Pearson Longman.White, K. (2002) Race, Ethnicity and Health in An introduction to the sociology of health and illness, London SAGE.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Culture and the Advancement of Technology :: Technological Cultures Essays

Culture and the Advancement of Technology Once humans became settled into their environment and managed to manipulate agriculture until they were able to sustain their population, they were able to slip by more time focusing on enhancing the primitive technologies that had already been developed, as well as begin to search for answers about things that were not understood. Thus came the increase of religion and engineering. The more developed culture became the more answers and technologies it demanded. Essentially, with human development, culture became the modus operandi for the advancement of technology. Easter Island is a very small island off the coast of entropy America. (Ponting) Although Easter Island has few permanent residents today, it is the graveyard of one of the worlds greatest early civilizations. The island is small enough that you could walk around the entire thing in merely one day. There are no permanent freshwater sources and the soil is not accommodating to agriculture. When settlers from Mesoamerica arrived at the island in the fifth century there were no other mammals on the island. The population peaked at about 7,000 and was mainly supported on the chickens that the settlers had brought with them and an abundance of harvested sweet potatoes (Ponting). Because the harvesting of sweet potatoes requires so teentsy care, the islanders were left with a considerable amount of idle time. In this time they developed one of the most advanced civilizations of the time period. Large stone sculptures and enormous disc-like platforms (ahu) are relics of this ancient culture. (Ponting) The large sculptures are artistically crafted and required a great deal of technological skill and understanding. Additionally, the sculptures were then placed on the ahus, which was no small task considering that they were twenty feet in length, weighed several tons, and had to be transported all the way across the island. The people of Easter Island clearly h ad a developed understanding of astronomy and the cosmos as well each of the ahu are astronomically aligned towards a solstice or equinox. All of this was down in the name of religion, to put through a complex system of beliefs. Unfortunately, the people of Easter Island died because they hit a wall, running out of natural resources. Because of warring people, they were unable to create a tech fix to transport them selves off the island. Still, Easter Island is a good example of the way idleness of time leads to culture which demands technology (Ponting).

History of Marriage Law Essay -- Essays Papers

biography of Marriage Law While abortion law is a lot much straightforward and the patterns are obvious, marriage law in the United States is a bit more complicated.-English common law, and early American law, before the 1820s treated marriages equal business mergers. The fathers paid dowries and often arranged marriages for their daughters. In the early 1800s fathers could contract their daughters to marriage as early as age 12 and there was no consent on her part. Boys had to be 14 before they could enter into a marriage contract.-The age at which a woman could enter into marriage in the mid-nineteenth century varied widely from state to state, and therefore a timeline of laws is very difficult to accomplish. -Throughout the 19th century and the early 20th century the age at which women could legally marry rose slowly to anywhere from 16-18 years of age by the mid 20th century. -States differed widely on what rights women had in a marriage. Until 1873 women had short no claim t o custody of their children unless proof of abuse of the children was offered and corroborated.-This is about the time that women began to get property rights as well in some states. The responsibilities that came with these rights, however, were huge and not all states were universal in their protection of a womans property. If a woman did own anything, she had the legal obligation to use it to support completely any illegitimate children, all of her children from her marriage, her husband, her grandchildren, and her parents. So if any of these people asked her to support them she could not legally refuse.-Coming into World War I women could not divorce a husband for adultery, withal though he could divorce his wife for the ... ...d so much about the decision, about the issue, and about the legality that reproductive choice makes even more wizard to me now than it did originally. I recommend that anyone very interested in the issue of choice read the decision and look into the Griswold case and the issue of Right to Privacy. BibliographyAbout.com Womens History Comstock Law. Available online at www.about.com.About.com Womens History Man and Wife available online at www.about.comBlackmun, Supreme Court Justice. Majority Decision in the Case of Roe v. Wade.Delivered January 22, 1973. truncated History of the Emergence of the Crime of Rape available online at Hansel.mnstate.edu/classes/CJ400/Monograph/Oldlaw21.htmlHistory of Marriage available online at www.2-in-2-1co.uk/university/brhistory/index2.htmlSchwartz, Bernard. A History of the Supreme Court. 1993.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Hamdi et al. v. Rumsfeld Essay -- Guantanamo Bay Secretary of Defense

Hamdi et al. v. Rumsfeld Hamdi et al. v. Rumsfeld, repository of Defense, et al. could prove the undoing of the Bush administrations legal defense of the abuses at Guantanamo Bay. In this case, four British citizens ar suing Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld as well as a host of Army and Air Force Generals and policy apparatchiks for allegedly authorizing the use of torture in Afghanistan and Guantanamo Bay. The four were captured in Afghanistan, either by Americans or Americas ally, the Northern Alliance, and transported to Guantanamo Bay in Cuba where they were held for over two years. Their status there was not as enemy combatant, which guaranteed them certain protections under the Geneva Convention, but rather as unlawful combatants. They were held without being charged of a crime, without legal representation and were never regular(a) brought before a military judge until Rasul v. Bush established their Habeas Corpus rights. They were released in March 2004 without being charged.Their outfit accused Rumsfeld et al. of false imprisonment and torture. They were allegedly hit with rifle butts, punched, kicked, short shackled in cramped, painful positions and threatened with unmuzzled dogs. Their cells were cold and exposed to the elements, little better than cages and medical care was denied. The plaintiffs contend that this was the burden of deliberate and foreseeable action taken by Defendant Rumsfeld to flout or evade the United States Constitution, federal statutory law, United States treaty obligations and broad established norms of customary international law. This action was taken in a misconceived and illegal attempt to utilize torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading acts to tweet nonexistent inform... ... Hamdis allegations are correct. And the jurisdictional argument has been rejected by the Supreme Court in Rasul v. Rumsfeld. The final part necessary for strong suit against Rumsfeld et al. would be for the Supreme Court to find the conditions in which they were held to be actionable under the Alien Tort Statute. This is the most ambiguous piece in the case. The consequence and jurisdiction issues have been dealt with already the third and final piece will make or break Hamdis case.I believe there are actionable causes in this case under the Alien Tort Statute. A close examination of the Founders provides evidence for a liberal (expansive is the pejorative verge Scalia uses) interpretation of the statute. With these actionable causes as a capstone to the case, Rumsfled et al. will have to put a spirited defense or risk losing an embarrassing and pricy suit.

Hamdi et al. v. Rumsfeld Essay -- Guantanamo Bay Secretary of Defense

Hamdi et al. v. Rumsfeld Hamdi et al. v. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense, et al. could prove the undoing of the Bush administrations legal defense of the abuses at Guantanamo Bay. In this case, four British citizens are suing Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld as well as a host of soldiery and Air Force Generals and policy apparatchiks for allegedly authorizing the use of torture in Afghanistan and Guantanamo Bay. The four were captured in Afghanistan, either by Americans or Americas ally, the Yankee Alliance, and transported to Guantanamo Bay in Cuba where they were held for over two years. Their status there was not as enemy combatant, which guaranteed them certain protections under the Geneva Convention, but rather as unlawful combatants. They were held without being charged of a crime, without legal representation and were never even brought before a military judge until Rasul v. Bush established their Habeas school principal rights. They were released in March 2004 wi thout being charged.Their suit accused Rumsfeld et al. of false imprisonment and torture. They were allegedly hit with rifle butts, punched, kicked, short shackled in cramped, painful positions and jeopardize with unmuzzled dogs. Their cells were cold and exposed to the elements, little better than cages and medical care was denied. The plaintiffs contend that this was the result of deliberate and foreseeable action taken by Defendant Rumsfeld to pep up or evade the United States Constitution, federal statutory law, United States treaty obligations and long established norms of customary international law. This action was taken in a misconceived and illegal attempt to utilize torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading acts to coerce nonexistent inform... ... Hamdis allegations are correct. And the jurisdictional argument has been rejected by the Supreme Court in Rasul v. Rumsfeld. The final part necessary for strong suit against Rumsfeld et al. would be for the Supreme Court to find the conditions in which they were held to be unjust under the Alien Tort Statute. This is the most ambiguous piece in the case. The proof and jurisdiction issues put one over been dealt with already the third and final piece forget make or break Hamdis case.I believe there are actionable causes in this case under the Alien Tort Statute. A close examination of the Founders provides evidence for a liberal (expansive is the pejorative term Scalia uses) interpretation of the statute. With these actionable causes as a capstone to the case, Rumsfled et al. will have to put a spirited defense or risk losing an embarrassing and expensive suit.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Minor capacity judgement Essay

Mohori Bibee and a nonher Vs. Dharmodas Ghose Mohori Bibee and a nonher Vs. Dharmodas Ghose Options Dock Print PDF court of justice Kolkata Reported in (1903)30IndianAppeals114 Judge Lord Macnaghten Lord Davey Lord Lindley Sir fording North Sir Andrew Scoble Sir Andrew Wilson, JJ. Decided On Mar-04-1903 acquits Indian Evidence trifle, 1877 Section 115 Indian wad prompt Sections 41, 19, 64, 65 Appellant Mohori Bibee and a nonher Respondent Dharmodas Ghose advise for Respondent W. W. Box, Adv.Advocate for Appellant Watkins Lempriere, Advs. Judgment SIR FORD NORTH, J. On July 20, 1895, the answerer, Dhurmodas Ghose, executed a owe in favour of Brahmo Dutt, a bullion-lender carrying on business at Calcutta and elsewhere, to secure the repayment of Rs. 20,000 at 12 per cent. interest on some houses belonging to the respondent. The amount actu eithery advanced is in dis assemblee. At that time the respondent was an infant and he did non attain twenty- matchless until the month of September following.Throughout the transaction Brahmo Dutt was absent from Calcutta, and the whole business was carried through for him by his attorney, Kedar Nath Mitter, the money being found by Dedraj, the local manager of Brahmo Dutt. While considering the proposed advance, Kedar Nath received information that the respondent was still a minor and on July 15, 1895, the following garner was written and sent to him by Bhupendra Nath Bose, an attorney Dear Sir,I am instructed by S.M. Jogendranundinee Dasi, the m other and with resister appointed by the High Court infra its letters patent of the mortal and station of Babu Dhurmodas Ghose, that a mortgage of the properties of the said Babu Dhurmodas Ghose is being prepared from your office. I am instructed to give you nonice, which I hereby do, that the said Babu Dhurmodas Ghose is still an infant under the age of twenty-one, and all one lending money to him will do so at his own risk and peril. Kedar Nath positively denied the receipt of each such letter but the Court of first instance and the Appellate Court both held that he did personally receive it on July 15 and the evidence is conclusive upon the point. On the day on which the mortgage was executed, Kedar Nath got the infant to sign a long resolving, which, he had prepared for him, containing a statement that he came of age on June 17 and that Babu Dedraj and Brahmo Dutt, relying on his assurance that he had attained his majority, had agreed to advance to him Rs. 0,000. thither is conflicting evidence as to the time when and circumstances under which that declaration was obtained but it is unnecessary to go into this, as both Courts under relieve oneself held that Kedar Nath did not act upon, and was not misled by, that statement, and was fully aware at the time the mortgage was executed of the minority of the respondent.It may be added here that Kedar Nath was the attorney and agent of Brahmo Dutt, and says in his evidence that he got the declaration for the greater security of his client. The infant had not any separate legal adviser. On September 10, 1895, the infant, by his mother and guardian as next friend, commenced this action against Brahmo Dutt, stating that he was under age when he executed the mortgage, and praying for a declaration that it was void and inoperative, and should be delivered up to be cancelled.The defendant, Brahmo Dutt, put in a defence that the plaintiff was of full age when he executed the mortgage that neither he nor Kedar Nath had any notice that the plaintiff was and so an infant that, even if he was a minor, the declaration as to his age was fraudulently made to deceive the defendant, and disentitled the plaintiff to any relief and that in any case the Court should not grant the plaintiff any relief without making him repay the moneys advanced. By a further statement the defendant alleged(a) that the plaintiff had ubsequently ratified the mortgage but this case wholly failed, and is not the subject of appeal. Jenkins J. , who presided in the Court of first instance, found the facts as above stated, and disposed(p) the relief asked. And the Appellate Court dismissed the appeal from him. Subsequently to the institution of the demo appeal Brahmo Dutt died, and this appeal has been prosecuted by his executors. The first of the appellants reasons in support of the present appeal is that the Courts below were wrong in holding that the knowledge of Kedar Nath must be imputed to the defendant.In their Lordships opinion they were obviously right. The defendant was absent from Calcutta, and personally did not take any part in the transaction. It was entirely in charge of Kedar Nath, whose full authority to act as he did is not disputed. He stood in the place of the defendant for the purposes of this mortgage and his acts and knowledge were the acts and knowledge of his principal. It was contended that Dedraj, the defendants gomastha, was the real representative in Calc utta of the defendant, and that he had no knowledge of the plaintiffs minority. But there is nothing in this.He no doubt made the advance out of the defendants funds. But he says in his evidence that Kedar Babu was acting on behalf of my master from the beginning in this matter and a little further on he adds that before the registration of the mortgage he did not communicate with his master on the subject of the minority. But he did know that there was a question raised as to the plaintiffs age and he says, I left all matters regarding the minority in the hands of Kedar Babu. The appellants counsel contended that the plaintiff is estopped by s. 115 of the Indian Evidence Act (I. f 1872) from setting up that he was an infant when he executed the mortgage. The section is as follows Estoppel. When one person has by his declaration act or omission intentionally caused or permitted another person to believe a thing to be true, and to act upon such belief, neither he nor his representa tive shall be allowed in any suit or proceeding between himself and such person or his representative to deny the truth of that thing. The Courts below seem to have decided that this section does not apply to infants but their Lordships do not think it necessary to deal with that question now.They consider it actualize that the section does not apply to a case like the present, where the statement relied upon is made to a person who knows the real facts and is not misled by the untrue statement. in that location can be no estoppel where the truth of the matter is known to both parties, and their Lordships hold, in accordance with English authorities, that a false representation, made to a person who knows it to be false, is not such a fraud as to take away the privilege of infancy Nelson v. Stocker. 0 The same principle is recognised in the explanation to s. 19 of the Indian push Act, in which it is said that a fraud or misrepresentation which did not cause the consent to a get of the party on whom such fraud was practised, or to whom such misrepresentation was made, does not render a contract voidable. The point most pressed, however, on behalf of the appellants was that the Courts ought not to have decreed in the respondents favour without ordering him to repay to the appellants the sum of Rs. 0,500, said to have been paid to him as part of the devotion for the mortgage. And in support of this contention s. 64 of the Contract Act (IX. of 1872) was relied on Sect. 64. When a person at whose option a contract is voidable rescinds it, the other party thereto need not perform any promise therein contained of which he is promisor. The party rescinding a voidable contract shall, if he have received any benefit thereunder from another party to such contract, restore such benefit, so uttermost as may be, to the person from whom it was received. both(prenominal) Courts below held that they were bound by authority to treat the contracts of infants as voidabl e only, and not void but that this section only refers to contracts made by persons adapted to contract, and therefore not to infants. The general current of conclusiveness in India certainly is that ever since the passing of the Indian Contract Act (IX, of 1872) the contracts of infants are voidable only. This conclusion, however, has not been arrived at without vigorous protests by various judges from time to time nor indeed without decisions to the contrary effect.Under these circumstances, their Lordships consider themselves at liberty to act on their own view of the constabulary as declared by the Contract Act, and they have thought it right to have the case reargued before them upon this point. They do not consider it necessary to examine in detail the numerous decisions above referred to, as in their opinion the whole question turns upon what is the true construction of the Contract Act itself. It is necessary, therefore, to consider carefully the terms of that Act but bef ore doing so it may be convenient to refer to the Transfer of Property Act (IV of 1882), s. of which provides that every person commensurate to contract and entitled to transferable property. . . . is competent to transfer such property. . . . in the circumstances, to the extent, and in the manner allowed and prescribed by any law for the time bring in force. That is the Act under which the present mortgage was made, and it is merely dealing with persons competent to contract and s. 4 of that Act provides that the chapters and sections of that Act which relate to contracts are to be taken as part of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.The present case, therefore, falls inside the provisions of the latter Act. Then, to turn to the Contract Act, s. 2 provides (e) Every promise and every set of promises, forming the consideration for each other, is an cartel. (g) An agreement not enforceable by law is said to be void. (h) An agreement enforceable by law is a contract. (i) An agreement whic h is enforceable by law at the option of one or more of the parties thereto, but not at the option of the other or others, is a voidable contract. Sect. 0 provides All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. Then s. 11 is most important, as defining who are meant by persons competent to contract it is as follows Every person is competent to contract who is of the age of majority according to the law to which he is subject, and who is of sound mind, and is not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject. Looking at these sections, their Lordships are atisfied that the Act makes it essential that all contracting parties should be competent to contract, and expressly provides that a person who by reason of infancy is incompetent to contract cannot make a contract deep down the meaning of the Act. This is pu t only borne out by later sections in the Act. Sect. 68 provides that, If a person incapable of entering into a contract, or any one whom he is legally bound to support, is supplied by another person with necessaries suited to his condition in life, the person who has furnished such supplies is entitled to be reimbursed from the property of such incapable person. It is beyond question that an infant falls within the class of persons here referred to as incapable of entering into a contract and it is clear from the Act that he is not to be liable even for necessaries, and that no demand in respect thereof is enforceable against him by law, though a statutory claim is created against his property. Under ss. 183 and 184 no person under the age of majority can employ or be an agent. Again, under ss. 47 and 248, although a person under majority may be admitted to the benefits of a partnership, he cannot be made personally liable for any of its obligations although he may on attaining maj ority accept those obligations if he thinks fit to do so. The question whether a contract is void or voidable presupposes the existence of a contract within the meaning of the Act, and cannot arise in the case of an infant. Their Lordships are, therefore, of opinion that in the present case there is not any such voidable contract as is dealt with in s. 64. A new point was raised here by the appellants counsel, founded on s. 5 of the Contract Act, a section not referred to in the Courts below, or in the cases of the appellants or respondent. It is sufficient to say that this section, like s. 64. starts from the basis of there being an agreement or contract between competent parties, and has no finishing to a case in which there never was, and never could have been, any contract. It was further argued that the preamble of the Act shewed that the Act was only intended to put and amend certain parts of the law relating to contracts, and that contracts by infants were left outside the Act.If this were so, it does not appear how it would help the appellants. But in their Lordships opinion the Act, so far as it goes, is exhaustive and imperative, and does provide in clear language that an infant is not a person competent to bind himself by a contract of this description. Another enactment relied upon as a reason why the mortgage money should be publicationed is s. 41 of the Specific Relief Act (I. of 1877), which is as follows Sect. 41. On adjudging the cancellation of an instrument the Court may require the party to whom such relief is granted to make any compensation to the other which justice may require. Sect. 38 provides in similar terms for a case of rescission of a contract. These sections, no doubt, do give a discretion to the Court but the Court of first instance, and subsequently the Appellate Court, in the exercise of such discretion, came to the conclusion that under the circumstances of this case justice did not require them to order the return by the respondent of money advanced to him with full knowledge of his infancy, and their Lordships see no reason for interfering with the discretion so exercised. It was also contended that one who seeks equity must do equity.But this is the last point over again, and does not require further notice except by referring to a recent decision of the Court of Appeal in Thurstan v. Nottingham Permanent Benefit Building Society21, since affirmed by the House of Lords. 22 In that case a female infant obtained from the society of which she was a member part of the purchase-money of some property she purchased and the society also agreed to make her advances to complete certain buildings thereon. They made the advances, and took from her a mortgage for the amount.On attaining twenty-one she brought the action to have the mortgage declared void under the Infants Relief Act. The Court held that, as regards the purchase-money paid to the vendor, the society was entitled to stand in his place and had a lien upon the property, but that the mortgage must be declared void, and that the society was not entitled to any repayment of the advances. dealing with this part of their claim Romer L. J, says23 The short answer is that a Court of Equity cannot say that it is equitable to compel a person to pay any moneys in respect of a transaction which as against that person the Legislature has declared to be void. So here. Their Lordships observe that the construction which they have put upon the Contract Act seems to be in accordance with the old Hindu Law as declared in the laws of Menu, ch. viii. 163 and Colebrookes Dig. liii. 2, vol. ii. p. 181 although there are no doubt, decisions of some freight that before the Indian Contract Act an infants contract was voidable only in accordance with English law as it because stood. The appeal, therefore, wholly fails and their Lordships will humbly advise His Majesty that it should be dismissed. The appellants must pay the costs of the appeal .

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Kelloggâۉ„¢s Marketing Essay

IntroductionU.S based Kelloggs is a world leader and the close successful cereal manufacturer in the world. Kelloggs entered India in 1994 and it took them a life-threatening 15 years for stability in the Indian commercialises facing initial problems and trying to change the Indian consumers mentality ab come forth the morning breakfast http//www.kelloggs.co.uk/ bon ton/history/howitallbegan.aspx About the assignment (Refer Appendix 1)Growth schema by Kelloggs in IndiaKelloggs were successful to create a need for the harvesting which was never a necessity for an Indian household. We will now discuss how the company managed to establish themselves with a dominant market shargon in the Indian market.1.) Ansoff MatrixAnsoff Matrix was introduced to address the corporate strategy of the future. It delivers the perspective of growth options on the horizontal train and introduces the possibility of diversification. (Kotler, Berger & Bickhoff, 2010)http//www.ansoffmatrix.com/Market d evelopmentMarket Development is capturing innovative markets with your existing products or services. (Lester, 2009) In a new market or to a new consumer, it will be a quiet a task to have them to believe in your product on launching (Meldrum, M & McDonald, M., 2007) e modifiedly, when a awkward is so fond of their traditional recipes. With the help of vast market research Kelloggs found out that there was no breakfast cereal abbreviate in the Indian market. Hence they launched their flagship product Cornflakes. This was always going to be tricky as Indians love their hot breakfast. Kelloggs had a challenge to tump over the mindsets of the Indian consumers who traditionally were used to having hot breakfast in the morning.Ready-to-eat breakfast or regimen was nonexistent. Kelloggs via their advertising campaign did withal educate the Indian consumers about the calorie and nutritional contents, etc. Company also struggled with their introductory pricings as their foe Mohan Me akin sold at a reasonable price. Although, Kelloggs had a safe and attractive box but was considered as high. We assume that the market for Kelloggs in the U.S and U.K was saturated and hence they decided to enter India. (Haig, 2003)Product DevelopmentCompanies develop new products or upgraded products for an existing market. It also includes thinking on how the new products stinker satisfy customer needs and outperform the rivals. http//www.ansoffmatrix.com/product-development.htmlhttp//businesscasestudies.co.uk/portakabin/achieving-growth-through-product-development/ansoffs-matrix.html Following the maize flakes the company launched chocolate covered flakes, named as Chocos and to go with it flavours such as coconut and mango. The product which saw the company sales rise up by 17% was the Iron Shakti which contained iron and was designed to address the iron deficiency in the Indian kids as most of the population ass had no strait-laced breakfast apart from milk, tea & biscuit s, etc. Iron Shakti was their first major success which helped them capitalise eventually. Kelloggs tried its hand in producing biscuits which app bently didnt work out-of-pocket to a very tough competition it go about from Parle-G and Britannia biscuits. Kelloggs other product Cheez-It, launched in 2002 and was withdrawn in 2003 didnt realize any attention either. (Refer to Appendix 2)(Excerpts from the case study, summon 5)http//www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/03/18/stories/2003031801420600.htmMarket PenetrationIts well known growth strategy where the company concentrates on selling existing products into existing markets. (OShaughnessy, 1995) Kelloggs with their intelligent research team did find out that the cereals were actually consumed by the entire family and also for health/ fast conscious women so they launched a different variant of the cornflake known as Special K under weight management. With this product (Special K), Kelloggs challenged the consumers to lose 2.5 k gs in just two weeks. To encourage the household adults to consume, they produced adverts with adults featuring in it. (Excerpts from the case study 6 & 7)Market penetration augments or helps maintain the market share of the afoot(predicate) products with advertising, sales promotions and personal selling. The Special K and the Iron Shakti just did that for Kelloggs they kept educating their consumers via adverts, campaigns and attractive and informative packaging which later paid off with good market share on these products. http//tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htmProduct/Market DiversificationA process which defines the activities of firms to enter new product market combinations. It is of primordial interest to the researchers. (Klier, 2008) To improve the market capitalisation of the company, Kelloggs introduced Cheese-It a baked cheese snack crackers in the snacks category. It was launched in 3 flavours to suit the Indian gustatory perceptions. And along with t he snacks, the company introduced biscuits, as Kelloggs Choco Biscuits. The move to launch snacks and biscuits backfired and resulted in withdrawal of the products in a very short time. The Indian biscuits industry has been dominated by Parle-G and Britannia for a very long time now.It was an up heel task for the Kelloggs but they were confident as people started to recognise Kelloggs as a good quality brand. With the launching of the snacks and the biscuits Kelloggs wanted to reach out to the masses and redefine them as a convenience food market. Kelloggs made a major announcement that they are ready to acquire salty snack maker Pringles from Proctor & Gamble. This deal marks the meekness of Kelloggs into salty snacks, an important add-on to their portfolio with convenience foods and the successful breakfast cereals.(Excerpts from case study, page 7) http//www.business-standard.com/india/news/with-pringles-buy-kelloggs-haslarger-canvas-in-india/464942/ http//www.just-food.com/new s/kelloggs-exits-biscuits-business_id68045.aspx2.) Kelloggs India in regards with the 4Ps of marketingAccording to Borden, 1964, the marketing mix included product planning, pricing, branding, distribution channels, personal selling, advertising, promotions, packaging display, servicing, physical handling, fact finding & analysis. All the above factors were later sort into 4 categories now known as 4Ps of Marketing.http//www.netmba.com/marketing/mix/http//www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=4+p%27s+of+marketing&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=643&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=MyJEUI-Mui5D0M&imgrefurl=http//candidkatie.com/2009/10/13/the-4-ps-of-marketing-part-1/&docid=W7aCYZrJmVXbSM&imgurl=http//candidkatie.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/4-ps-300218.jpg&w=300&h=218&ei=Rf-9T4X_EsXk8QP4lfUp&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=571&vpy=178&dur=224&hovh=152&hovw=209&tx=73&ty=46&sig=116673603394737623265&page=2&tbnh=139&tbnw=191&start=20&ndsp=25&ved=1t429,r21,s20,i162ProductAs a tangible product, it was important for the product to be appealing for its content and its price too. Kelloggs launched their flagship product to start with, Cornflakes which was a success in the western market. Cornflakes which initially failed, were later back in the market with some modifications therefore called as indianization. The flakes were a bit thick and were sweetened to suit the Indian palette. The increase in the awareness of the products via advertising resulted into the expansion in the market and health benefit of the products was the main reason for the fast driving sales. The Iron Shakti gave the Kelloggs taste of success with 17% rise in the sales, was designed to cater the iron deficiency in the growing kids. In order to redefine themselves as a convenience company and to pace their growth Kelloggs introduced Cheez-It and Kelloggs biscuits unfortunately it did not share a liking amongst the Indian consumers and was later scrapped from production. Kelloggs then only decided to concentrate on cereals and its developm ent. (Excerpts from the case study, page 5 & 6)PricePricing is an important marketing mix tool for both creating and capturing customer value. (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). Initially, Kelloggs only focused on the quality of the product, features and benefit to the Indian consumers. India is a country with majority of population as middle class the Indian public has been always price sensitive. Kelloggs launched KPak, a very reasonably priced product at only INR 10 in 2007, a variant of the Chocos, an rarefied option to chips and other junk foods. In 2010, Kelloggs rolled our retail packs of different sizes & prices to cater the need of variety of consumers. After the launch with effective advertising, the company saw rise in the sales but that was just the curiosity of the Indian consumer to buy a new product. Baring in mind that the competitor Mohan Meakin reasonably priced their cereals and the situation (initial failure of Cornflakes), Kelloggs priced their future products reasona blyPlaceThe products were only available in the metro cities when it was initially launched in 1994. Then as a premium product it was only placed in the supermarkets and due its pricing clientele expected was the higher middle class or elite. Eventually, when the product became popular and after the launch of KPak which was priced at INR 10, Kelloggs tried to reach out to the Tier 1 & Tier 2 towns in the country.(Excerpts from case study, page 8)PromotionKelloggs were quiet effective on the promotional front. They always had attractive adverts on the telly usually featuring kids and the adverts featuring at the prime time soaps. As mentioned earlier, Kelloggs had a Bollywood celebrity to endorse their products for adults. A celebrity is the likes of an eye-kandy who attains the attention of the consumers which helps in creating awareness about the brand. In regards with personal selling, newspapers adverts were given and special weekend adverts were posted in weekend newspapers or i n the kids section of the newspapers to attract the attention of the kids.Kelloggs did a special promotion whilst sponsoring Spiderman 2 delineation they rolled out specially packed limited edition spider web cereals and gave away relevant toys. The promotion was only available for 2 weeks and extensive advertising was done. Along with the pack, the buyer can also avail 20% discounts on the upcoming Spiderman 2 DVD. http//www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/07/14/stories/2004071401260900.htm http//www.4psbusinessandmarketing.com/24022011/storyd.asp?sid=4411&pageno=1 http//searchandhra.com/cinema/karishma-kapoor-brand-ambassador-for-kelloggs-chocos porters Generic StrategiesMichael Porter has identified the four strategies to achieve a hawkish advantage1.) Cost leadership2.) Differentiation3.) Focus Strategy i) Differentiationii) Cost.The Differentiation strategy is much relevant for the Kelloggs, in accordance with case study. A Differentiation strategy calls for the development of a product or services that are both fantastic and are valued by the customers. A Differentiation strategy is also the one in which a product offering is different from that of one or more competitors. (Aaker, 2001) http//tutor2u.net/business/presentations/strategy/genericstrategies/default.html Kelloggs started in India with their flagship product Cornflakes with 3 variants. Unlike their competitor, Kelloggs cornflakes were premium priced with an attractive packaging.With cornflakes initially failing due to sogginess after adding milk and less sweet flakes, Kelloggs was quick to do amendments to suit to the local taste buds. Kelloggs with their effective advertising campaign and communication via packaging spread awareness about the product and its benefits. Kelloggs always believed in advertising and promotions, as its the most important medium to reach the site market and spreading brand awareness in India and endorsing the product with a celebrity is adding value to its which t he Kelloggs rival never did. http//www.4psbusinessandmarketing.com/24022011/storyd.asp?sid=4411&pageno=1Major Challenges faced by KelloggsEven if Kelloggs was a world leader in breakfast cereals with reports of profits in the western countries they did struggle for a mend on their arrival in India. Kelloggs were smart enough to apply proper strategies to tackle the issues they had. I have analysed their issues with some theories below1.) devise outlineThe use of SWOT Analysis allows organizations to maximize their strengths, minimize their weakness, take advantage of their opportunities and overcome their weaknesses. (Fine, 2009)StrengthKelloggs main strength was the product. Although they misread the market at first in regards with the product and price, they were quick to make changes and jump back. They had the advantage of first foreign cereal company to serve in the raw market India. Over the years, the best thing that Kelloggs did was they carried extensive market research. They read the market accurately and offered quality products on a regular basis at a reasonable price. The other major factor was they were selling variety of healthy products whilst creating awareness about the products amongst the consumers. (Refer to Appendix 3)P.E.S.T.L.E(Refer to Appendix 4)With the help of the Porters 5 forces we can evaluate the 5 major challenges faced by Kelloggs in India.http//www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=porter%27s+5+forces+definition&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=643&tbm=isch&tbnid=WmX3SuQUrNjk4M&imgrefurl=http//www.businessmate.org/Article.php%3FArtikelId%3D9&docid=w0bo10yR_EOaQM&imgurl=http//www.businessmate.org/userupload/Michael_Porter_Five_Forces.png&w=450&h=400&ei=xE6_T9W2E82W0QWy-_nRCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=275&vpy=269&dur=44&hovh=212&hovw=238&tx=126&ty=173&sig=116673603394737623265&page=1&tbnh=140&tbnw=156&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t429,r7,s0,i86 With evaluation of the opportunities and threats through the SWOT analysis, The porters five forces model will g ive us an overview of the challenges Kellogg would face. The five major forces lead to assessment of the overall competitive dynamics of an Industry. ( Colley 2007 )1. Threat of new entrants in that location are a lot of Domestic Companies from India like Hindustan Liver Ltd, Dabur India Ltd which may diversify and enter the Cornflakes Market which will threaten Kelloggs position as they have an expertise in the food processing business . Also, with the Supermarket trend starting in India, there is a prospective entry of their own brands which are more reasonably priced on the market .This will make it necessary for Kellogg to come up with products with traditional Indian flavours to be able to gain competitive advantage over the domestic competitors like adding saffron or cinnamon flavour to their products.2. Threat of substitute products or servicesKellogg is a product in which many variations are not possible. The Indian breakfast items list from a wide range of foods with differ ent tastes and flavours. The gateway of ready to eat breakfast items from Manufacturers like Haldirams and Gits pose a huge threat to Kellogg . The Company is recommended to diversify their product portfolio.3. Bargaining power of BuyersThe bargaining of power of an Indian consumer is very high due to a wide range of available products in the market. In case of slight fluctuations on the price, the customers may opt for other products in the market which are more reasonably priced as the buyer is price sensitive .This makes it ideal for Kellogg to price their product in accordance to the competition.4. Bargaining power of SuppliersThe company imports most of the raw materials required for manufacturing. If it purchases these materials via domestic suppliers, it would prove to be cost efficient, save time and also save the exercise duty taxes.5. Intensity of rivalry among competitorsWith introduction of wheat flakes, extra muesli as its high fibre breakfast cereals, Kellogg is also in process of creating alternatives with different flavours in order to compete with its Rivals such as ITC , PepsiCo and Nestle . In 2006 the largest snack company in the country , Frito Lay , a division of PepsiCo India Holdings , had also , had also entered the breakfast cereal market .decisivenessThe assignment has given me an opportunity to understand the marketing implications of a product launched in a foreign nation with a diverse culture and also the challenges faced in order to have an established competitive advantage on foreign soil. It gives an insight of how marketing can help reach out new markets and also create new markets for products which were never a necessity .Also the use of various marketing concepts like Porters five forces and Ansoff matrix have helped in a critical evaluation of current marketing situation and various forces that affect the performance of Kellogg .BibliographyBooksPhilip Kotler, Roland Berger & Nils Bickhoff, The Quintessence of strategic marketing, 2010, page 210 David Aaker, Strategic Market Management, sixth edition, page 159 Andrew Lester, Growth Management Two hats are better than one, 2009, page 52 John OShaughnessy, Competitive Marketing A Strategic Approach, fourth edition, 2008, page 175 Daniel O. Klier, Managing Diversified Portfolios, 2008, page 76 Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, Principles of Marketing, 2011 Lawrence G Fine, The SWOT Analysis, 2009Websiteshttp//www.kelloggs.co.uk/company/history/howitallbegan.aspx http//www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/may2006/id20060508_952455.htm http//www.ibef.org/download/Kellogg_India.pdfhttp//www.ansoffmatrix.com/product-development.htmlhttp//businesscasestudies.co.uk/portakabin/achieving-growth-through-product-development/ansoffs-matrix.html http//www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/03/18/stories/2003031801420600.htm http//tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htmhttp//www.business-standard.com/india/news/with-pringles-buy-kelloggs-haslarger-canvas-in-india /464942/ http//www.just-food.com/news/kelloggs-exits-biscuits-business_id68045.aspx http//www.netmba.com/marketing/mix/http//www.4psbusinessandmarketing.com/24022011/storyd.asp?sid=4411&pageno=1 http//searchandhra.com/cinema/karishma-kapoor-brand-ambassador-for-kelloggs-chocos http//tutor2u.net/business/presentations/strategy/genericstrategies/default.html http//www.4psbusinessandmarketing.com/24022011/storyd.asp?sid=4411&pageno=1 http//www.kelloggcompany.com/corporateresponsibility.aspx

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Goal Setting Theory Essay

The idea that human behavior is motivated and regulated by goals and aspirations has long been recognise by psychologists. Goal-Setting Theory can be traced back to Edwin Locke and Gary Latham they elaborated on the basic notion of goal setting and have described how this drives behavior in organization. Goal-setting possibleness helps to explain individual differences in motivation and performance. Goals are defined as the desired outcomes in terms of level of performance to be deliver the goods on a task rather that the desire to take specific section (Muchinsky, 2005).It is thus a persons intention to attain veritable goals that can serve as a principal determinant of motivation. For instance, as a student I have a goal of attaining an A signifier on this subject which would motivate me to study well and participate more in class in order to achieve my goal. According to Locke, goals have motivational value for three reasons which are goals serve to direct and focus our atten tion particular direction goals help us to maintain task persistence and the earthly concern of goals tends to facilitate the development task strategies.Attributes of goals that make them propel are the difficulty, acceptance, specificity and feedback to motivate performance. It has been viewed that goals that are difficult are more motivating than easier goals. For instance, a salesperson is acquittance to be more motivated if he has a goal of making $10,000 in commission, rather than a goal of $5,000. The second attribute is the goal acceptance, wherein a person would believe that he can attain a particular goal set to him or by him.Goals are much more motivating when they are specified in a particular level of performance, example, an individual must be able to sell 10 units of apartments in the next calendar month rather than be a good salesperson which is very vague motivation. Attaining a goal is often a hard process thus it is burning(prenominal) that employees receive f eedback regarding their progress and once a goal is accomplished a pleasurable emotional state called job satisfaction will be experience. Principles of goal-setting theory has been a very influential approach and one of the most valid and practiced theories of employee motivation in organizational psychology.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Apush Paper (It’s Fail)

James Jun Pribaz APUSH 5 13 February 2013 Frontier Thesis- Summary, Agreement, and Why The existence of an area of free land, its continuous recession, and the advance of American settlement westward inform American development. In this article, Frederick Jackson food turner believes that, in relation to his border thesis, the history of the United States is most influenced mainly by how Americans had assimilated the West into the culture they held.The frontier, in Turners stance, was where settlers had restarted civilization as a whole and begun to redevelop the conditions present further east in the United States. By doing so, the frontier is classified advertisement as being the most rapidly Americanized area in the whole nation however, the frontier also influenced the culture of the United States by promoting individualism, American ingenuity, and a restless amount of energy. Addition on the wholey supporting his argument, Turner also pointed out the dangers of having no fro ntier. Turner began to question the possible outcomes from the dissipation of the frontier.Historians, on the other(a) hand, took up a different view on the frontier and its effect on American culture. The historians believed that, instead of the frontier, other factors had influenced the history of the United States, such as slavery, the civic War, capitalism, and slavery. Further much, they hotly contested Turners claim of free land. The historians declared that the land, which was inhabited by the Indians, was in all actuality not free at all as countless wars had been fought for this land, resulting in many deaths.The historians also challenged Turners thesis by stating how communities, corporations, and even the federal government had allowed the inhabitation of the West, instead of individualism. Therefore, Turners thesis and the thoughts of the historians contrasted sharply however, both sides acquiesced to the idea that the West had influenced us to some extent. I disagree with the frontier thesis that Frederick Jackson Turner had claimed was true.Instead of the frontier influencing the history of the United States, I agree with the historians that many other factors had played a role in molding how the nation progressed. Events like slavery, the Civil War, capitalism, the railroad, immigration, and numerous inventions all had significant impacts on how American culture came to be. Turner also emphasized how the land was free on the frontier which could clearly and concisely formulate the development of the nation. In contrast, I believe that the land in the west was free in thought, but not free in reality.As more and more settlers poured to the west after the Homestead Act, it became rather evident that the West offered little to no prosperity. The weather was dreadful, life was relatively isolated as most horse opera settlers were farmers, and the soil was inhospitable to crops. Therefore, I diverge on the stance that Turner advocated for, which stated that the frontier had mainly impacted American history, and hold that countless other factors had played a great part in Americas development, not just one particular one.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Declining Portable Water Essay

Water of life. This is a famous Christianity word that reflects how principal(prenominal) pissing is to our life. As we know, most drinkable irrigate comes from the river, thus making river the briny sources of potable water. However global warming is getting more than and more serious nowadays causing a global rise in temperature and melt the ices at mountains peak. In the book Pillar of gritrock by Sandra Postel, Postel says that major Asias rivers like Ganges, Indus and Yellow river depends on the snowpack mountains for their flow. Despite that, the rises in temperature has causes the snow to melt faster and an increase in rainfall, drying up the river peculiarly during dry season. Even the famous Andes, Rockies and Alps rivers is said to soon face this problem which mean there will be a worldwide water shortage should these rivers dry up. Therefore, this essay will talk about what will happen when there is a decline in potable water. Global water pollution caused by sewage and animal waste has resulted in overdose of nutrients and sediments in rivers, lakes and sea.(Tasha Eichenseher, March 2010)This causes eutrophication which is a situation where algae growth increases resulted in privation of oxygen in the river. That eventually decreases the values of the rivers, lakes and esturaries for recreation, fishing, hunting and aesthetic enjoyment. In addition to that, health problems can occur where eutrophic condition interferes with drinking water treatment. To perfume it up, water pollution caused by sewage and animal waste is the root of the decline in drinkable water as it pollutes the rivers and also the treated water. In addition to the above, polluted water is also said to be the causes of diseases. tally to the World Health Organization, up to half of humanity has iodin of the six main diseases dissolution, schistosomiasis, trachoma, infestation with ascaris, guinea worm, or hookworm at any time because of poor drinking water and inadequat e sanitation. This shows that lack of safe drinking water, as water are polluted, can causes various dangerous spreadable diseases which can endangered our life.For example, it is predicted by Amin Zakaria in his column in The Star on July 9, 2008, that in 2009, diarrhea death toll will be like four jumbo jets of children crashing every day. Therefore, it is not exaggerating to say that human waste is the ultimate weapon of trade destruction as lack of adequate sanitation in usable water for more than a third of the Earths population is one of the biggest scandals in the last 50 years. This lack of smart water situation is further worsen when there is a decline in clean water. According to Tan Ee-Beng on 2008 in the Environmental Health Perspectives, of a population of roughly 6.1 billion, more than 1 billion lack access to potable water. His record is further proven when a report from UNESCO on 2009 says that China currently has less than an estimated 49 billion cubic meters of renewable water resources when in the decades out front 2000, this country owns an average of about 66 billion cubic meters of renewable water resources.In conclusion, knowing that there is a decline in clean water, the best way is to combat this end soonest possible. Government should also urges the public to save water by increasing the water bill later the usual 50 liters usage. In addition to that, government should also increase the capacity of the water reservoir in the country. For example the current Selangor water issue between Peter Chin and Selangor state Government should be resolve soonest possible so that Langat 2 can be built and pull up stakes water for people of Selangor till 2025. We as citizen should also play a part by not wasting these precious water as to lessen the need to treat the water to be use again.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

An Educational Workplace Challenge Essay

It is our deep faith that God is compassionate and merciful, and mercy is what he bestows upon His subjects. He is generous and ravishing, and beauty is what he gives. That is how we should see the world, beautiful, with totally its resources and contents, known to us or unknown. Qatar, our beloved, is also rich in natural resources. Be it human buds or wild flowers. All are blossoms, all are natural, all are beautiful bearing Qatars name. Let us all work together, caring for our little buds. Lets us plant them deep in the consciousness of our land.Let us nurture them with love and care to help them blossom into flowers filled with beautiful scents and filling their surroundings with beauty. Her Highness Sheikha Moza Bint Nasser Bin Abdullah Al-Missned. (Shafallah 2007) A picture says more than a thousand words. For an educational institution, the vision statement shows the picture of what the crop will be at its best. On the one hand, the vision is the very basis for everythin g that the school, the management, the teachers, the students, their parents and the community, all work for.On the other hand, the mission is the means to come upon this vision. The mission determines the strategies that will be implemented by the school management to achieve its goals and vision. Leadership takes a significant role in the achievement of this mission. This writing discusses workplace challenges and the influence of leadership in the achievement of successful school reforms. The Shafallah Center for Children with Special Needs and its efforts to solve its major problems and improve the implementation of its educational programs will be discussed using the concepts on leadership.Specifically, the paper will focus on the concept of parallel leadership and the roles of the school management and teaching professionals as leaders in influencing the schools needed reforms. The Workplace The School The Shafallah Center for Children with Special Needs is a non-profit priv ate school located in Doha City, Qatar, providing comprehensive operate and care to individuals with departmental learning challenges, their families and the community.It was established in 1998 through the efforts of community leaders who believe in the vitality and vastness of the family and the childs role in the society particularly those children with special needs. They want to provide the children with the best care, services and educational facilities that will enable them to lodge to the surrounding environment in order to live among others in the community, and eventually secure their future.The center provides diagnosis, evaluation, school programs, training and development services for all children with all forms of disabilities from ages three to twenty-one years old. The goals and objectives of the school are To provide comprehensive educational, instructional, rehabilitation, social, vocational and recreational services for children with special needs. To provide s upport and family counseling services to families of children with special needs, including individual and group therapy.To provide community awareness on dealing with children with special needs, as well as fostering acceptance and savvy of the nature of disabilities. To provide training opportunities through Shafallah Center and establishing an international entity specializing in this field. To serve as an advocate for public policy and legislative support of countenance educational and vocational programs for children with special needs. (Shafallah 2007)School funds are generated from local and international grants and from regular tuition and matriculation of the students. The school offers five (5) programs aligned for students depending on age and learning concentration. These are the Pre-school and kindergarten which enrolls students ages 3-5. The school unit 2 is for students aging 6-21 with mild and moderate challenges, its coursework are in pre-academic, academic and pr e-vocational and emphasizes on social and routine life skills.Unit 3 caters to students with mild and severe intellectual and developmental disabilities from ages 6-21 its programs are aimed to increase independence and activities are centered on daily living, self-importance care and basic communication including socialization and leisure education. Unit 4 is designed for those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders, ages ranging from 6-21. The program uses the model TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic Related Communication invalid Children) and other models tailored for these children.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Computer Crimes Ethics

March 17, 2013 March 17, 2013 David milling machine Portrait of a clerical fell David milling machine Portrait of a White-Collar Criminal Christine Quinones business info systems with lab Professor williams devry university Christine Quinones business info systems with lab Professor williams devry university T up to(p) of Contents How does moth miller fit the profile of the average actor perpetrator? How does he differ? How did these characteristics make him difficult to detect?.Page 3 inform the three elements of the opportunity trigon (commit, dissemble, convert), and discuss how Miller accomplished all(prenominal) when embezzling funds from Associated Communications. What specific concealment techniques did Miller use?. Page 3 What pres genuines motivated Miller to embezzle? How did Miller rationalize his actions?.. Page 4 Miller had a inclose T-shirt in his onwardice that said, He who dies with the most toys wins. What does this tell you about Miller?What lifestyle re d flags could have tipped off the company to the chance of parody? Page 5 Why do companies hesitate to prosecute white-collar criminals? What atomic number 18 the consequences of non prosecuting? How could law enforcement officials sanction more prosecution?.. Page 5 What could the victimized companies have done to pr type Millers embezzlement?.Page 6 David L. Miller Portrait of a White-Collar Criminal Question 1How does Miller fit the profile of the average fraud perpetrator? How does he differ? How did these characteristics make him difficult to detect? Mr. Miller is a very sad case. He has all the qualifications of a stellar employee, but those traits atomic number 18 only there to mask who he truly is. He fits the average profile for the average fraud perpetrator because of the following * The vast majority of fraud perpetrators spend alwaysything that they steal. Only a very small helping invest the notes. Mr.Miller spent all the money and thus it explains why he stol e from a upstart employer in order to repay the prior one. * galore(postnominal) white-collar criminals ar stellar employees until that very moment when they argon caught. They are al paths eager, work legion(predicate) days and long hours and are reliable employees. * Employers viewed Mr. Miller as an honest employee and it was because of this trust that he was placed in positions of sensitivity. * Mr. Miller had the life and behaved in the manner of your average citizen and did non raise any flags. He was an educated family man with values and good psychological framework.Even though he has some of the same traits as your average fraud perpetrator, he was unattackableer to spot because of the many ways that he differed. Mr. Miller was not unhappy nor was he vengeful towards his employer. He also had never been convicted of his prior transgressions, and there were various. Normally, most of the fraud perpetrators are first time offenders and not serial offender as Mr. Miller has proven to be. This type of character is very difficult to spot because they do not tend to stand out. White-collar criminals are very educated talented individuals and are the perfect employee.No one would think that they would be capable of such pervert behavior. These people are placed in position of trust are usually work very hard and long hours for the employee. It is sad because there are many employees who possess these traits, but are truly honest and have the companys best interest at heart. Question 2 Explain the three elements of the opportunity triangle (commit, conceal, convert), and discuss how Miller accomplished each when embezzling funds from Associated Communications. What specific concealment techniques did Miller use?The three elements to the opportunity triangle are as follows * Commit for this instance the perpetrator commits the fraud by taking something that is of value to the victim. For corporations this could manifest itself in the form of money and the corruption of financial records in order to conceal the fraud. A great example of this was displayed when he was able to convince not one but two senior officers into write various frustrates with the excuse of in case something happens to sway them into signing before they were to leave on vacation. Conceal to conceal is to hide, so for this to occur the perpetrator must try to conceal their crime. Accounting must be kept in balance in order to avoid from being discovered. They normally do this by increasing early(a) assets or decreasing corporate liabilities and or equities. I think about lying. It is often too easy to say one, but to conceal that lie contracts skill and time and perhaps more lies. On one of Mr. Millers transgressions he concealed his fraud through doctoring of records and removal of checks. He concealed a particular theft by retrieving canceled checks from the bank and taking the recordings and destroying the evidence.Then to further conceal what he di d, he hid the amounts of the money that he stole into other expense accounts in order to be able to reconcile the books. Internal controls are in place for a reason and just because someone is in a position of trust, these should not be ignored and for this particular occurrence they were over tinted due to too much trust. * Convert normally to convert is to take something that is stolen and converting it to cash. This could occur in the form of inventory or company equipment. However, Mr. Miller did not do either of these. His crime was done more indirectly.Mr. Miller was able to forge checks to himself and deposit them within his somebodyal account. Even though checks were signed by approved officers, the intended use for the check was not approved and constitutes fraud on behalf of Mr. Miller. Question 3 What pressures motivated Miller to embezzle? How did Miller rationalize his actions? I do not believe that Mr. Miller had a green goddess of pressures. However, he stated, afte r undergoing therapy that his problem was a disease and went as far as to compare it to alcoholism and gambling, but this to me is an excuse or a way to rationalize what he had done.He felt that he unavoidablenessed to steal and have all the luxuries to be liked by his peers which is sad because he was liked, but not for the reasons he thought, but by his working capabilities. You know you are guilty of something if you have to rationalize what you are doing. I did not notice too many explanations other than Mr. Miller had to steal from his new employer in order to repay the old one. Nonetheless, I discover that he truly believed his own excuse that he was simply borrowing and not really stealing. Sometimes our rationalizations of our actions are so powerful that we can even fool ourselves.Question 4 Miller had a framed T-shirt in his office that said, He who dies with the most toys wins. What does this tell you about Miller? What lifestyle red flags could have tipped off the com pany to the possibility of fraud? I truly feel sorry for Mr. Miller. His life seemed to be centered around money and materialistic obsessions. That shirt and his behavior showed his desire for money and power, but above all to be recognized by friends and peers. In the end it was Mr. Millers extravagant way of living in analogy to his salary proved to be his undoing.When you have a salary of just $130,000 a year, you cannot afford the toys that he had. He had overall a large house, a condo on Myrtle Beach, tailored suits, monogrammed shirts, plenty of jewelry, gifts for relatives and above all the two Mercedes-Benz sedans that he just so happened to possess. In the synopsis there was no mention of his wife working, but with his salary and their 3 children, there was no reason for her to work and this logic is what led me to believe how his salary to possession ratio would raise a few red flags. Question 5Why do companies hesitate to prosecute white-collar criminals?What are the con sequences of not prosecuting? How could law enforcement officials encourage more prosecution? Even though we see in the news about CEOs and CFOs being prosecuted for fraud and embezzlement, in actuality, fraud against a corporation happens more frequently than one would think. The following are a few reasons why I feel that corporations are hesitating to prosecute white-collar criminals * Lack of knowledge many of the law enforcement agencies, attorneys or lawyers lack the knowledge in how to properly handle these types of cases.As technology use becomes ever so prevalent, the task is becoming more difficult as computers are a whole new playing field that is yet to be learned. * remoteness by Society unless the loss happens to you, society is more concerned with crimes of violence against another than monetary. The internal theft of funds within a corporation are seen as just that an internal problem. * Difficulty Prosecuting unless you are lucky and have a confession from the p erpetrator, like in Mr. Millers case to which he confessed in every event, you have a wooly and lengthy case that will prove to be rather hard to prove.Prosecution can sometimes cost more than the theft itself and it is not seen as an incentive to prosecute. * Lack of understanding on what computer fraud really is. Computers and the internet are pretty new things and as such the laws and ways to prosecute are very vague and hard to understand. * Guilt on the outcome of the perpetrators family. Because Mr. Miller in every event promised restitution and had a wife with 3 children, the companies felt that prosecuting was heartless and they did not wish to cause harm to the family.One corporation, Crest even hired the attorney to embody Mr. Miller. * Negative shadow against the corporation Companies do not like anything that could hinder their public image. Mr. Millers transgressions would cause a very public run and a lot of investors would have been involved. This would have cause d many to remove their investment. Overall, the corporation would suffer greatly. * Knowledge that their weaknesses would be exposed. Lack of trust in the internal controls or any discovery of weaknesses would have caused a lot of emerging damage against a corporation.People are creatures of trust and habit and once trust is broken, it is very hard to return and provide that trust again. This would hurt future business that the corporation would have. Look at Enron, AIG, and Bernie Madoff, to name a few. * My favorite of all would be those that are prosecuted and the outcome is favorable to the victim, the perpetrator gets very light sentences. Many go to minimum security prisons, work camps that have certain luxuries. Because of this many corporations do not even bother in spending the additional funds in prosecuting these cases.The above named are mere excuses and to not prosecute fraud causes more harm. It allows for the perpetrator to move on to commit fraud against another cor poration, like in Mr. Millers case. By having this exposure, corporations feel that they will feel that they will look to others as being weak and will encourage others to commit fraud against them. When someone is not punished for their transgressions that person will not learn and feel that they can get away with it again if they get caught. Law enforcement officials are stuck and all they can do is encourage others to come forward and report the offenses.Corporations need to know that if they take action that there will be a support system and their voices will not be lost. They need to be sure that the perpetrator will be convicted accordingly depending upon their transgressions. They need to be made an example of, so that the public know that this behavior is not tolerated and it is a honest offense that will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. Question 6What could the victimized companies have done to prevent Millers embezzlement? When I memorise the synopsis, I was looking for how Mr.Miller committed many of the frauds, but not much detail was revealed. However, the best way that the corporations could have avoided this was to have better internal controls and adhering to them. I would have prevented some of the thefts by doing the following * Having better controls of the checks and the signing of checks. * Secondary looks at the monthly reconciliations and the bank statements. * Provide a list of all check deposits with the subsequent invoice explaining the reason for the expense. No employee should have the level of trust and freedom that Mr. Miller was given.There always needs to be a system of checks and balances in place in order to ensure and prevent this from happening. I can understand that these positions merit trust, but there should be a second person looking at the financials to curb any temptation for even the most honest to commit fraud. Had the first employer chosen to prosecute none of this would have happened. However, th e future employers could have avoided all of this had they just bothered to do a more thorough background check on Mr. Miller. There they would have discovered the reasons for his insulation from his prior employment.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Benefits of Non Verbal Communication Essay

Non communicative communication is defined as certain counsels that a person communicates his thoughts and meanings with emerge actually formulateing anything. These are the subtle clues that can help an investigating policeman uncover a truth while mocking a suspect or sweetheart or can lead him to more questions that will avail the investigating team. Programs such as CSI have shown us how police officers and crime scene investigators utilize contradicting, complementing, substituting, accenting, or regulating verbal messages.An investigating officer will benefit immensely from being familiar with these methods because of the way a crime scene is most often chaotic and witnesses who are being questi cardinald are dealings with fear of being implicated in the case or perhaps, trying to cover their own familiarity in the case. A sample of a contradicting non verbal communication that he can look out for has to do with the way a witness recalls the events as it transpired in a certain case. When a witness is looking down while relating the events transpired, that witness is most likely creating a memory.A person recalling a memory usually looks upward when trying to remember events, places, and situations. Under such circumstances, he should take notes and get through sure to verify all the events by interviewing other people who might attest to the validity of the disputations antecedently made. He may also consider the tone of voice of a person being interrogated. When a person is trying to hide a truth, there is a certain intonation and nervousness in the voice that usually causes it to raise in tone by a pitch or so.The officer must(prenominal) make sure to gain the trust and confidence of the witness or accused former to questioning to keep the person off guard in straddle to get the most frank answers out of them. A parole officer on the other pass by must be exceedingly observant and familiar with the psychological profile of his parolee that could indicate his behavior during certain situations in order to easily recognize the signs being displayed by the parolee when he comes in for his weekly reports.While encounter with the parolee, he should observe his complementing and accenting behavior. Particularly the first time the person enters the room. Does he shake your hand? Does he make eye contact? Does he seem nervous and on the edge? every last(predicate) of these could add up to a specific non verbal message that will give one an perspicacity into the real score behind what the parolee wants to portray as truth. He should then react consequently by enticing the person to become more open and share more information with him.In the event that the parolee begins to display accenting behavior such as hitting the table or throwing something, he must be prepared to restrain the person and try to snap him out of his mood. The one non verbal communication that both an investigating and parole officer must be quick to body forth are the regulating non verbal communication tools. Such actions could be a simple look of question, a hint of despair in the eyes, or the wringing of hands of the person spoken to.Once recognized, he must be prepared to obey up on the subtle messages either by asking follow up questions or reassuring the person that the officer is in charge and everything is under control. People say that there is no such thing as the perfect crime. I have to agree with that statement because any officer who is familiar and highly observant when it comes to non verbal communication cues will easily be able to follow up on subtle clues not included in the physical render present at a crime scene or parole interview.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Willy Russell Wrote Educating Rita

Throughout the assume cunning Russell successfully conveys the message that program line is much than practiced pas prattle exams. He does this by characterization, language, form and structure, society and history, e truly(prenominal) of which I will be showing in this essay. Wily Russell characterization of stamp and Rata completelyows the auditory sense to be aw be of each of their wants and exaggerates their changes by the end of the simulated military operation. They act as needy educators, progressing, learning and didactics one a nonher. click Is Rites English professor, he Is drunken, neurotic and generally, worn d confess by his circumstances such(prenominal) as his failed marriage and his Inability to continue penning his poetry, simply he Is amend. frump Is un prosperous In liveness sentence, we tolerate escort this as he has an luxuriant need to drink alcohol. In order to fuel his adulation he has taken on on the fence(p) university applicants, l suppose I did take it on to pay for the drink. Wily Russell created de tennert with a drink problem because it shows he is scurvy in life, as he needs to drink to asleep(p) the pain and ignore his sadness.He is extremely self deprecating, its myself Im non besides fond of, this is because he sees himself as existence responsible for his failed marriage, he hates his robotic students and his poetry is unpublished, rough knows that Rata will lose her originality, you will swallow to abandon our singularity in order to pass examinations. Im going to have to change you. , and in that locationfore this Is a worry to him. These wretched events have led to andiron having a low self-esteem resulting in Franks abuse of his admit governing body by way of drink.Frank Is a poor role model as he doesnt realism he needs to face his problems and change because he Is old, traditionalistic, stuck In his ways, and conceives Its too late, this Is symbolized when Rata tells Frank to fit the door handle, Frank says l suppose I always mean to to which Rata responds thats no best always meaning to, is it? . I imagine this n essential p blind of Franks character because he needs someone to aid him and bring somewhat the process of self- breakment, someone to show him that life is more than macrocosm unhappy and someone to boost his self-esteem, Rata.Rata is an opinionated, intimidated, have minded, honest, naive, work class, Lilliputian hairdresser going against expectations in order to seek an direction. When asked by Frank, What do you emergency to know? she replies, Everything. Despite hurdles she has got to a position In life where she has the opportunity to change and she Is driven to do so, as she wants to know everything.Wily Russell has created Rata In this Individual rum existencener, she neither fits the norms expected of her peers nor Franks Robotic students, so that she is a breath of fresh air into Despite helping Frank later in the novel R ata becomes un ordain to do so as she instigates to mobilize that he is helpless, If you could stop pouring that Junk down your pharynx in the hope that itll make you shade standardized a poet you power be able to speech near things that matter. She realizes that he needs her more than she needs him and therefore moves further away from him.In the break stages of the novel Rata is very eager ND determined to learn this is foreign of Franks students and is the reason why he values her fresh uniqueness so highly. Wily Russell has assumption Rata great determination this enables her to not exactly make significant changes to herself but too to change Frank because he admires her as do the auditory sense, l think youre marvelous. Atone point in the diarrhoea Frank is reluctant to educate Rata as he doesnt consider himself worthy to teach her without her Joining the ranks of his robotic students, however as usual Rata has the last explicate and wins Frank every step to t he fore.Wily Russell has characterized Rata and Frank in this manner so that they can learn room each new(prenominal), although Frank sees his role in Rites life as her educator he himself will be forced to contain significant changes in life by Rata. I think Wily Russell is very successful in reflecting on the whole of societys way of life through Frank and Rata, showing their differences and how information involves more than hardly gaining fellowship of literature. It is important that as an audience we the like the characters and we have a kindred with them so their wholesome existence becomes an interest to us.This makes the extend more exciting and involves the audience because if something bad happens to the harassers it affects us too, if something good happens this affects us equally. A character can also be intentionally portrayed so that the audience dislike them, this still creates a relationship with the character and still involves the audience and an example of this portrayal of character is Denny. I felt umbrageous when Denny burnt Rites books because he was trying to deny Rata, an delighting character, of an education and I was happy when Rata moved out.Russell makes us sympathies with the 2 characters as he wants the audience to c are for and be involved with Frank and Rata, also characteristic them to be endearing. He does this by making Rata confide in the audience and Frank as tumefy as being extremely open. He makes Frank unhappy in life, miserable and self- deprecating. Instead of walking into the classroom and colloquying about literature Rata give tongue tos about other matters such as smoking l hate smoking on me own. An everyone seems to have packed it in these days, art thats a nice picture, isnt it? And swearing, its the aristocracy that swears more than whateverone. When asked, would you like to sit down? by Frank she sagaciously replied no as she is not a typical student. These hints of individuality make us l ike Rata because she is modly to us as she is to Frank. Mires the first breath of air thats been in this room for years. She passionately tells us everything about herself and enjoys talking to us. We can see this as she says, l talk too much, dont l? I know I talk a lot. I dont at home. I hardly ever talk when Im there.But I dont often get the chance to talk to someone like you her back and like her talking to us. We sympathies with Rata because she has had a hard time getting to a point at which she is able to have an education and she has difficulties in learning because of the issues at home. In doing 1 Scene 4 Rata tells us that she writes her essays at work because her economise doesnt like her doing it at home, Denny gets dead marked if I work at home. He doesnt like me doing this. I cant be both(prenominal)ered arguing with him.Some flock may not sympathies with Rata because she often doesnt let Frank have a say, interrupts him and puts him in uncomfortable office sta ffs such as when she says Look at those its, this makes Rata seem over powering and insensitive towards Frank who is already unhappy in life. The audience sympathies with Frank because he is unhappy in life and often puts himself own Everything I know Is that I know absolutely nothing. We purport sorry for Frank as we can see that he is a crack person than he thinks he is. As we already have established that we like Rata the fact that she likes Frank makes us like him too.She tells Frank If Id got some other tutor I wouldnt have stayed she also says he is scoring ten out of ten and tells him to go to the top of the class an collect a gold star. We imprecate Rata that Frank is a good person. The popularity of a character is often dependent on other characters views, such as when Rata speaks mischievously of Denny, l hint hes thick, this hints towards what Dynes character will be like in the play and straight away puts him down in the audiences eyes. People may not sympathies towa rds Frank in instances such as Act One, Scene Four when Frank gives Rata his work to criticism, you want literacy criticism?I want an essay on this lot by next week Frank could be seen as guilt tripping Rata because she will now be forced to re tear to Frank and speak badly of his work. This will be portrayed as hurting Frank as he is already flimsy and could be seen as a nasty act on Rites part, she will have to act transcendent to her professor and put him down. Frank misjudged Rites character and put her in a potentially damaging situation, which caused Rata a lot of stress and discomfort, What me? Some stupid woman who gives us all a laugh because she thinks she can learn and Im a freak.Franks efforts to include Rata in an upper class circle could have been seen as inconsiderate as she wasnt at the stage where she could comfortably fit in, he should have reassessed to situation to correspond he wasnt doing Rata any(prenominal) harm. Also, Franks reluctance to teach Rata cou ld be seen as selfish because he is more pertain about himself losing her company than her being pappy. so far, I believe that Frank was looking at the situation from both of their points of view he was never trying to hurt or slow Rites progression but instead, think what was best for her.As Rata becomes educated she learns about different aspects of literature such as sentimentality, subjectivity and literary criticism. She studies a number of authors and becomes knowledgeable of literature. We can see that Rata has learned about literature when Frank says you recognize the stylemark of literature now. She recites Blake from memory O Rose, thou art sick and is knowledgeable of him muff dont do Blake without doing innocence and Experience. She talks about Peer Gent, Blake and Shakespeare We were talking about Shakespeare.Rata can now make her own decisions about literature, Frank earlier commented that Rata would not richer if she looks below the surface. Rites newly acquired k nowledge is vital in the role of the beginning of change. She uses her literary skills when talking to other students and making new friends. However this literature would not be important to her if she didnt want to change as she is using education to empower her, this would not be necessary if she did not desire change. Rata learns a lot about life throughout the play which shows that education is more than Just about passing exams.Rata learns that through education she can break away from the traditional expectations placed on a working class woman in the sasss and by the end of the play she realizes that education offers freedom to make choices in life. She also learns that education in itself does not provide a better life but does give her the empowerment to make change if she so wishes, l might go to France, I might go to me mothers. I might even have a baby. I Dunn. Ill make a decision. Ill choose. Education has given Rata a new unique outlook on people she learns to see the m for who they are and not for their class or literature knowledge.Through education Rata found new confidence in her ability to achieve much more than she ever thought possible, it opened up new horizons for her. By the end of the play Rata had knowledge of literature but more importantly she had a greater understanding of life. What Rata learned about literature will help her to pass exams and in the gigantic run will only affect her in a small way compared with what she learned about life that will affect everything she does such as her thinking, reasoning, the way she treats others and herself.Education matured Rata and gave her skills and choices that will stay with her unceasingly giving the message that education is about more than Just passing exams. Frank learns that he is a better teacher than he thought he was at the start of the play and learns to reinvent his teaching skills, l wanted to come back an tell y that. That hay good teacher. He sees that his knowledge has empowered Rata and has potentially made her happier.However, Frank may think that Rites changes are bad ND feel responsible for Rites loss of individuality as he did earlier in the play, l shall insist upon being known as Mary, Mary Shelley, by saying this and referring to the author of Frankincense Frank is questioning his skills as a teacher because he think he has created a monster in Rata. Rites open nature inspires Frank to face his problems more head on If you could stop pouring that Junk down your pharynx in the hope that itll make you feel like a poet you might be able to talk about things that matter.In the earlier stages of the play Frank was hiding from problems such as his rink issues, flatulent diet, relationships, insufficiency of confidence and attitude towards Rites education. Rata influences Frank because he sees the way she accommodates change in herself which in turn encourages him to take a close look at himself and the ways he too can change, she adds likin g and Joy to his life helping him to not view himself so detrimentally.Following this process Frank learns to be more relaxed about life and face his problems rather than hiding behind his drunkenness, Rites personality inspires Frank to be more light-hearted and reveal Franks true self. By he end of the play I think that Franks changes as a teacher are more important to him because he realizes that he has to power to influence people, now that he has discovered this it will be easier for him to practice and take into account when around him.What Frank learns as a person is still very important to him but by the end of the play he seems to inhume all that he has learnt by reverting to his old ways, in Act Two Scene plebeian chord we find out that Frank gave a lecture drunk, Passed? I was glorious Fell off the pulpit twice and says to Rata, Sod them no, buck them , this shows that what Frank learnt wasnt as important to him because he choose to take the light-colored way out r ather than the more beneficial way to himself. Russell uses Rites language to show Rites changes.At the start of the play Rata speaks in a crude and socially unacceptable manner. As she becomes educated she is inspired by nuts parlance and mimics her choice of language. However, by the end of the play Rata reverts back to her old manners of talking like an unenlightened woman. When Rata first meets Frank she speaks in a very strong Lilliputian accent and is very direct, she TTS people in uncomfortable positions, this can be seen when she starts to talk about an erotic painting using dustup such as its.Frank reacts to this by coughing and hastily looking down on some written document, this shows he is embarrassed talking about a sexual topic unlike Rata. Rites language represents her as being uneducated, Frank speaks in a posh way, as he is educated his vocabulary is wide and well chosen. The different language makes it easy for the audience to realism and be reminded of their di fferent back considerations language is a good comparison between the cardinal characters. In the next scene Rata changes her language, she tries to speak like an educated upper class member, when asked Whats wrong with your voice? By Frank, Rata replies, Nothing is wrong with it, Frank. I have merely stubborn to talk properly. As Trash says there is not a lot of point in discussing charming literature in an ugly voice. Rata chooses to change her voice because she doesnt feel worthy of discussing poetry in her own ugly voice, she considers her newfound self to be of more importance than her uneducated self and therefore wants to rid of any relations to her old ways. She has lost her uniqueness and innocence that Frank valued so highly in her.I dont think this change in Rites character is a positive one because it shows that Rata considers class and status to be more important than a person, I think that this change will not make Rata any happier because she is only doing it to p lease Trash, and despite not knowing this at the time, it does not suit her other unique characteristics. By the end of the play Rata averts back to her original language, she says, l Dunn. Hes a bit of a straggle really. But Vive never been abroad. An me mothers invited me to heres for Christmas.I think this is because Rata has realized that language is an unimportant external change and doesnt make a person any happier. Rata is still liked by Frank despite her uneducated language by chance even more so because it gives her individuality. Rata language is believably similar to Russell own, as he is from Liverpool. Having Rata speak in such a manner makes the play appeals to people whose language is similar and will allow Rata to be easily related to by a wider audience. Wily Russell only has two characters in the play this unusual amount helps exaggerate the differences between Frank and Rata.They create a culture clash as they were brought up in different manners they have diff erent backgrounds and now have different expectations for the future. In the ancient Frank was educated and grew up to live in Former an upper-class part of Liverpool. Now, he has lost all his aspirations and lives to drink, l did take it on to pay for the educated because she thought studio was Just for wimps and didnt try hard at school because it would have parted her from her friends, if Id started taking school seriously I would have had to become different from me mates, an thats not allowed.Now, Rata wants an education, she wants to learn everything and her hopes for the future are to discover herself, See, I want discover myself first. Do you understand that? The two characters learn from each other. Russell has put Rata and Frank together because they educate each other, in terms other than Just literature and examinations. They are moving towards one anothers pasts and are both needy of each other. At this point in the novel Franks influences on Rata have been focused m ainly in an academic sense, assonance. Well, its a form of rhyme.Rata teachings have inspired Frank, l think youre the first breath of air thats been in this room for years possibly even driving Frank away from his predicted future. Having two characters in the play makes it easier for the audience to hear Frank and Rites opinions. It is easier for the audience to see how they are different I. E. In language. And finally, it makes the audience endear towards the characters because they are different and willing to help each other. We dont like one and dislike the other because we sympathies with them both and their different situations.However, there are some problems with having only two characters, the audience could get uninterested because of the lack of variety created in the play. We only see the story from two different viewpoints and therefore have a limited understanding of the social effects and implications of the play. It could be difficult for the audience to fully unde rstand the jar of the characters changes on Frank and Rites family and friends as we are never given a first person account. Russell uses crafty devices such as Dramatic Irony in the play.Dramatic Irony occurs whenever we see one of the characters say something negative of the other because we know they like each other through their body language and speech, He glances at his watch, moves to the window, looks out, glances at his watch again and then moves a hatch to the books. In this case Franks body language distinctly shows he is waiting with great anticipation for Rites arrival. He also often compliments her to the point at which his efforts could be perceived as a little flirtatious, irresistible thing like you.Rites speech indicates she too likes Frank Because youre a crazy mad pips artist who ants to throw his students out the window, an I like you. Rata shows her soreness more openly than Frank despite her insult. The Dramatic Irony keeps Frank and Rites relationship mo re arouse to the audience and makes the audience intent on watching the play as they want to know how their relationship ends. An interesting relationship is vital in this particular play because there are only two characters and so much of the play is dependent on their varying relation.The structure of the play changes throughout. In Act One Rata needed Frank to teach her, she was demanding, Hereford she controlled the action, said the most and always had the last say. However in the next act, Rata changes her voice and accent, attempting to speak like a member of the upper class and converses freely with Franks other students as she thinks she is educated and therefore is on their level. There is a dramatic reverse in roles at this point in the novel.It is now that Frank needs Rata, Frank needs to change doesnt need Franks help anymore and accuses him of trying to hold her back, now that she knows what clothes to wear, what wine to buy, what plays to see, what papers and books t o read. Rata thinks otherwise to what she did before, Frank earlier commented that Rata would not overcomplicated Blake, but she now makes her decision that Flakes poetry is richer if she looks below the surface, this shows she doesnt think she needs Frank to tell her what to do anymore.The more Rata is changing the less dependent she becomes upon Frank. She makes independent decisions and believes she is better than Frank as she goes against his word, l dont need you. Vive got a room full of books. She adopts an opposite view to at the start of the play when she begged for Franks enlightening knowledge. Frank expresses his views to this change and says to Rata, Found a new song to sing have you, this suggests that Frank doesnt like Rites change and thinks she is pretending to be something shes not.This change made me empathic with Frank because he is still interested in Rata and she is no longer interested in him. Frank has given Rata much throughout the course of the play and Rat a seems unwilling to help Frank in return at his time of need. If I were to direct to play I would dress Rata in costume that symbolisms school life and education to exaggerate her change. She would be rearing a university scarf or Jumper apposed to cheap, second hand, common clothes representing an uneducated person of working class status, which she may have worn at the start of the play.Frank would be dressed in a messy, worn, suit and his classroom would be untidy and dusty particularly the bookcase in order to exaggerate one well kept book hiding a give of alcohol. The set is important because it is a part of Frank that is enticing for Rata, Im guan have a room like this one day. Theres nothing phones about it. Everything in its right place. (After a pause. ) Its a mess. But its a sinless mess. This use of costume and set would exaggerate both Frank and Rites characters, providing a visual representation for the audience.Russell makes the audience think about society by usin g stereotypes and prejudices. His particular use of stereotyping raises a number of questions amongst the audience, concerning the spare-time activity issues societys influence, the government, the education system and personal values. Rata is a working class hairdresser, youre a ladies hairdresser, living on an estate in Liverpool, our estate, expected to stay at home and raise a family. This uninventive working class woman trying to better resell makes us question our values.We ask ourselves whether or not it is right that society tells us what to do, is it right that Rata should be told to stay at home with her harnessing husband and be forced to have a baby against her will, Come off the pill, lets have a baby, or should Rata be allowed to push her family into uncertainty in attempting to better herself? In the 1970/sass the government overlooked the working class, they suffered due to the lack of investment made in the housing and schools, their chances in life were reduced a nd not cared about.The working class ere kept suppressed and unknowing so that they didnt start to question other peoples or the governments values. Most accepted the dreary situation, as it was hard to bring about change. Education empowered those who had it and those who audience see that it is not Rites fault that she got into the miserable situation she did in life. Hearing of Rites family personally made me angry as they conformed to typical stereotypes and were categorized by society, at first when reading the play I was cross that they couldnt see ahead and see any other aspects of life other than theirs, hes blind, he doesnt want to see.However my mood and feelings towards Rites family changed as my anger turned to sympathy. Denny is scared of change, he feels safe in his current situation because he knows it. He feels threatened by Rites change and therefore he tries to stop her, hed burnt me books and papers, Denny is not trying to change, unlike Rata Denny is following a nother stereotype, being uneducated he is not willing to change. He is safe in his world and doesnt want Rata to branch out and explore other aspects of life because this would mean change to Denny. Denny doesnt want to be affected he thinks he is happy living in his cocoon.If Rata gets an education Denny will lose control and will no longer be able to conform to societies expectations of a man to provide. I felt sorry for Denny because to him Rata was having an affair with education, Rata Youd think I was having a crashing(a) affair. Frank Arent you? This has the same effect to Denny as it would is Rata had an affair with a man, however having an affair with another man would be socially unacceptable and Denny would receive more support, instead he would be left wondering where the miss he married has gone.By Rites family going out, getting drunk and singing, l .NET into the pub an they were singing, all of them singing. They are accepting their situation but also trying to esc ape from it at the same time. Rites mother says to her there are better songs to sing than this, this metaphor means that the family could be doing better for themselves. Rata wants to get away from this, she probably sees herself in her family and realizes that she needs to move on. Information about Trash affects us in two very different ways.At first Rata builds a picture that enables us to form an impression of an educated, refined woman from an educated family, Know shes dead classy. Y. Now like, shes got taste, Winnow like you Frank, this information makes the audience happy because Trash now symbolisms what Rata is aspiring to and Rata is closer to achieving her goal of bettering herself. When Trash attempts to commit suicide we are distraught because Rites dreams have been shattered, l thought she was so cool an together I came home the other night an shed essay to top herself. Magic isnt it? .Rata has been crushed by someone she longs to be. The information makes us cross because we like Rata and sympathies with her. Wily Russell suggests there is a middle ground between the working class and the upper lass by making Rata a freethinker and giving her educated views on all aspects of society, Just because you think were all O. K. , that were all surviving, with the spirit intact and hes blind, he doesnt want to see, Rites thoughts and attitudes toward the world are broad and are not limited like those of her family she can reflect on her own situations and is not blind.Without these views Rata would be part of the stereotypical working-class, this can be seen by Franks prejudice views on Rata before and after he meets her, he starts by saying some silly womans attempt to get into he mind of henry James and after meeting her changes his views and speaks fondly of her, describing her as funny, delightful, and charming. Rata feels as though she is out of place with her family yet also does not feel comfortable with Frank and his associates.My opinions on a middle ground based on Russell suggestions are that the middle ground is a classification of working class that arent stuck in a rut. A middle ground is based on thoughts and attitudes such as Rites open-minded attentive views. Choices in education in the 1970/sasss seem limited, especially to the working class. Just by writing the play Russell makes the point that it is highly unusual that a working class woman is having a higher education.Attitudes were also very bad concerning school and education, Rata tells us about her past views about school, studying was Just for wimps and she is surprised she got another chance to go to university and get a higher education, l was dead surprised when they took me. In the previous(predicate) sasss it was even possible to leave school and start work at the age of 15, choices in education have changed vastly as it is now an accepted norm that a woman such as Rata could go to university.The descriptions of the education system make us cr oss as the government at that time didnt care much for education and a lack of investments were input to the education system. Rata shows that the old education system failed many that had the potential to be educated. However, she also shows us that against all odds you can achieve the unexpected. Russell makes the main point that education can be a form of escape it doesnt provide all the answers but gives a person choice and empowerment. Education makes a person consider all the options and look at life from different aspects.Education is always the fuel behind improvements made in the characters and shows that Russell thinks educations main purpose is to improve upon oneself. Wily Russell is extremely successful at teaching us lessons about the purpose of education as most of the lessons learnt show that education is about more than Just passing exams. I think Educating Rata brilliantly raises themes of social class, education, relationships and personal changes the play is a cr edit to Russell skills as a writer as he writes about serious issues in a comical manner, which attracts an extremely widened audience.